Methods

The Trust Framework was developed through a mixed-methods approach, with a focus on LMIC. Access our methods paper as well as in-depth materials on qualitative research and survey development on this page.

Read our methods paper for the full story behind the Trust Framework

An exploratory sequential mixed-methods study in Nigeria, Kenya, and Pakistan was conducted aiming to define trust in the context of Childhood, HPV, and COVID-19 vaccines. The Trust Framework was validated by fielding a nationally representative survey of caregivers of adolescents in Kenya and Pakistan. Psychometric properties of the survey and associations between trust and vaccination behaviours were assessed.

Additional in-depth methods explanations

Ethnographic Methods

An overview of qualitative methodology used to investigate COVID-19 vaccines (which was repeated 1,5 years later to study the HPV vaccine in Pakistan and Kenya).

Survey building and validation

An outline of the methodology for building The Vaccine Trust Survey, quantifying and testing the validity of the Vaccine Trust Framework.